World Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World Cinema - Essay Example The Iranian cinema is an example of how the social and cultural perspectives and challenges are represented in the cinema. Questions of politics and religion in Iranian cinema can’t be separate from any of the films that are produced in the region. These are intertwined with the representation of culture, society’s identity and the belief systems that are continuously challenged within the region. Each era has specific approaches to religion and politics with the cinema, all which are a reflection of society at the time. Silent Era The first era of cinema that noted the religious and political views in Iranian cinema was with the silent era. The silent era was attributed to the years of 1900 - 1930 with a combination of documentaries and fictional settings that were used. The footage that was used for these specific films consisted of footage news, events and spectacles that were related specifically to royalty. These different clips were combined together to show histo rical accounts of what were occurring during a specific time and how this linked to the identity that was a part of the Iranian culture. The concept was combined with the ability to shoot rituals, religious events and to show the diversity of culture in the area, such as with investigations of Christianity and by looking at ethic and religious minorities. This approach was able to provide insight into the time frame while allowing a new type of history and sense of identity to take place through the political and religious concepts (Smith, 2006). Sound Era The foundation of film in the silent era led to new technical innovations that were approached in the sound era. However, this point also focused on the same ideals of religion and politics, specifically because it was a representation of the identity of those that were spectators to the film. The silent era had established this with the different approaches which were taken to showing the non – fiction elements of the film . From the 1930s and until the 1970s, there was a focus on providing insight into the different topics which were associated with the film. The main ideology was to present the socially engaged film, specifically which was highlighted in the 1960s. This was based on showing the realities of the Iranian culture, such as through minority groups and those which were suffering because of the current political regime and religious laws. The ideas were combined with the religious morality that was based on the Islamic practices, specifically with the belief that bringing the information to the public would also lead to a day of judgment for those who had turned away from the social issues which were at hand (Ridgeon, 2003). The concept of the â€Å"day of judgment† and the approach to religion and politics from this perspective led to the growing ideology of the third world of cinema as well as the Muslim ideologies that were engrained in the culture. The themes which were used in each of the films helped to bring light to the current issues which had been raised as well as created a sense of justice that was a part of the religion and politics. However, this was combined with the deeply embedded belief systems in the culture. The concept of religion, belief in the Quran and the continuous teachings were known and praised throughout society. The Iranian culture was expected to live under these religious beliefs, which is what created the differences and changes that were a part of society. The concept of building a Muslim ideology from the movies, while showing the concept of justice, then became intertwined with the films that were a part of the sound era (Ahmad, 2010). Modern Era The new wave, or modern era of cinema, began in the 1960s and led into 1978 with new challenges that were

Art Forms in Advertising: The Beijing Olympics

Art Forms in Advertising: The Beijing Olympics While advertising has mass appeal, we may argue that with the proliferation of new media, art is now more recycled than ever and not the exclusive behest of individuals fortunate enough to travel to the great museums and art galleries of the world where such canonical and benchmark art works reside.- art works can be appreciated whether they reside at The Louvre and never leave their hallowed home, or if they are encapsulated within a series of television commercials. In the industrial world it has been noted that â€Å"much of the creativity goes into advertising which probably serves more to divide than unite. The communities that share synthesizing symbols now are network communities that crosscut geographic settlements.†[35] The Beijing Olympic opening and closing ceremonies certainly extend the limits of art forms, art exposure and the skill of absolute precision, a long standing feature of high art whether visual or performance based, is extenuated by virtue of the latest technological wizardry, the unprecedented global telecasts and the voluminous populations who participated in the enactment of the such art works, all of which, undoubtedly, acted as a mega advertisement for Chinese ancient culture and modernisation. According to Hatcher et. al. â€Å"as to the functions of art, there is much to be learned. In the industrial world much of the creativity goes into advertising which probably serves more to divide than unite. The communities that share synthesizing symbols now are network communities that crosscut geographic settlements. But art is being used in many places as a form of communication in the negotiations as to the nature of changes† [36] While advertising has mass appeal, we may argue that with the proliferation of new media, art is now more recycled than ever and not the exclusive behest of individuals fortunate enough to travel to the great museums and art galleries of the world where such canonical and benchmark art works reside.- art works can be appreciated whether they reside at The Louvre and never leave their hallowed home, or if they are encapsulated within a series of television commercials. As Gibbons noted, while advertising normally occupies a lower status than art, art is usually less accessible, unless of course advertising has appropriated it within culturally familiar formats. The Beijing Olympic opening and closing ceremonies certainly extend the limits of art forms, art exposure and the skill of absolute precision, a long standing feature of high art whether visual or performing, is extenuated by virtue of the latest technological wizardry, the unprecedented global telecasts and the voluminous populations who participated in the enactment of the such art works, all of which, undoubtedly, acted as a mega advertisement for Chinese ancient culture and modernisation. References Baxter, Lynda Art Terms and Definitions, retrieved November 15, 2008 from http://www.artincanada.com/arttalk/arttermsanddefinitions.html 2000 Gibbons, J. Art and advertising. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Gunz, Joel. Art vs. Advertising, An Epic Battle between Art Dweebs and Advertising Grunts, retrieved November 15, 2008 from http://joelgunz.blogspot.com/2006/06/art-vs-advertising-epic-battle-between.html 2006. Harms, John and Kellner, Douglas. Toward a Critical Theory of Advertising, retrieved November 15, 2008 from http://www.uta.edu/huma/illuminations/kell6.htm n.d. Footnotes [35]  Hatcher, Bergin and Garvey 1999, 249-250 [36] Hatcher, Bergin and Garvey 1999, 249-250

Are Political Parties In Decline? :: essays research papers

Are Political Parties in Decline? Are Political Parties in Decline? No: Ronald Landes In Defence of Canadian Political Parties Strong point- Ronald Landed mentions that the several functions of a political party focus on the responsibilities of it. His strongest point too lies within the responsibilities of political governing. Walt Bagehot explains that a political party's chief role is to join the government's executive portion to that of the legislative portion. In short, Bagelot believes that parties force the government to run smoother, and encourage them to solve more problems. Weak point- Landes' weakest point is in regards to the function of party financing. More spefically the electroal functions of the parties financing. He feels that because a party can raise money year in and year out (in fact the money is flowing more than ever), that the organization is successful. A simple explantion exists explaining why more money is coming into the political parties. First of all government legislation has changed regarding the amounts of donations which can be made, i.e. parties can now take more, and larger donations. Secondly, politicians are more bussiness oriented and influenced by large corporations and recieve large donations for corporate involvements. Parties are not more influencial due to more money, nor are they better organized. Yes: John Meisel Decline of Party in Canada Strong point- John Meisel states that the primary factor leading to the dircet declination of political parties in Canada is the rise of the bureaucratic state. Modern Politics have eclipsed the past when political parties did not need to gain specific knowledge as the focused on a few key points rather than large amounts of responsibility. Today too many complex issues are dumped upon our elected representatives, and they have no hope in being able to deal with all the issues or give the proper amount of time and care. The development of appointed civil severents has greatly aided in the solution of this problem, but unfortunatley the elected representitives have lost control over the matters. Meisel stated that politicians now can only sit back and observe the results of the civil servants and accept these results. The officials now can no longer act for the good of the people but rather must obey the control of the civil servants. Weak point- Are Political Parties In Decline? :: essays research papers Are Political Parties in Decline? Are Political Parties in Decline? No: Ronald Landes In Defence of Canadian Political Parties Strong point- Ronald Landed mentions that the several functions of a political party focus on the responsibilities of it. His strongest point too lies within the responsibilities of political governing. Walt Bagehot explains that a political party's chief role is to join the government's executive portion to that of the legislative portion. In short, Bagelot believes that parties force the government to run smoother, and encourage them to solve more problems. Weak point- Landes' weakest point is in regards to the function of party financing. More spefically the electroal functions of the parties financing. He feels that because a party can raise money year in and year out (in fact the money is flowing more than ever), that the organization is successful. A simple explantion exists explaining why more money is coming into the political parties. First of all government legislation has changed regarding the amounts of donations which can be made, i.e. parties can now take more, and larger donations. Secondly, politicians are more bussiness oriented and influenced by large corporations and recieve large donations for corporate involvements. Parties are not more influencial due to more money, nor are they better organized. Yes: John Meisel Decline of Party in Canada Strong point- John Meisel states that the primary factor leading to the dircet declination of political parties in Canada is the rise of the bureaucratic state. Modern Politics have eclipsed the past when political parties did not need to gain specific knowledge as the focused on a few key points rather than large amounts of responsibility. Today too many complex issues are dumped upon our elected representatives, and they have no hope in being able to deal with all the issues or give the proper amount of time and care. The development of appointed civil severents has greatly aided in the solution of this problem, but unfortunatley the elected representitives have lost control over the matters. Meisel stated that politicians now can only sit back and observe the results of the civil servants and accept these results. The officials now can no longer act for the good of the people but rather must obey the control of the civil servants. Weak point-

Children Rights for Education

In John Holts essay, â€Å"Freedom for Children† he discusses how children should have their own right to decide how much, when, and what to learn. Holt states that by taking children†s right to learn, we are taking a fundamental right away from them. He also states that, to adults, the right to decide what does and does not interest us is taken for granted and that we are unknowingly taking this right away from children. Holt also states that by sending children to school six hours a day, 180 days a year, for about 10 years we are limiting them. Holt concludes that children are no longer learning, but rather are taught what adults think they should know. I personally disagree with Holts on this matter. If children had the right to control their education, what would stop them from even going or learning things that could be damaging to society? I feel the have plenty of rights as it is. Children today have many rights already in the field of education. In elementary school, no one forces them to stop learning. They can always choose to further their education, by reading perhaps. In high school, there are a variety of classes a student can choose from. All these classes can be selected to fit an individual student. Classes ranging from art and drama all the way up to advanced placement physics are at the disposal of those who want to learn. No one forces children to take these classes. Students take these classes of their own free will. Once in college, a student has the right to choose whatever major they feel fit to be in. If they don†t like that major, they can always change it. What would happen if students were allowed to come and go as they please? All too often, students would never go to class. They would abuse their right and spend their days having fun. I have personally seen friends leave school because they don†t want to be there. If they didn†t have to be there they would not have come in the first place. There are certain things that students should know. Basic math and English skills are required jus to get by in today†s society. If these basic skills are never learned, we risk having an underdeveloped society full of uneducated people. Our world would literally crumble because we run the chance of people not knowing anything. Limiting what children learn today is not the way we want to have them grow up. If we did that, we would have them grow up with a natural tendency to learn what is harmful or wrong to society. What we are trying to do is guide them in life so what they can make the right decisions in life. Exposing them to what is right in the world will help them open up to new opportunities and experiences. As we can see, we are not limiting on what a person can learn, but only protecting that person from abusing it. So many things can go wrong if a person were allowed to take control of their own education. Abuse and neglect are only a few possibilities. The way education is now was designed to be the best for those willing and even unwilling to learn. Those willing can receive the best education their mind is able to give them. The unwilling receive the basics and don†t become a burden on society. Holts† idea of unhindered learning may be an idealistic one, but in the end there are too many flaws and loopholes. An education like that could be societies downfall when our system is extremely efficient now.

Fdi in Automobile Essay

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a direct investment into production or bus iness in a country by a company in another country, either by buying a company in the target country or by expanding operations of an existing business in that country. Foreign direct investment is in contrast to portfolio investment which is a passive investment in the securities of another country such as stocks and bonds. Foreign direct investment has many forms. Broadly, foreign direct investment includes â€Å"mergers and acquisitions, building new facilities, reinvesting profits earned from overseas operations and intracompany loans†. [1] In a narrow sense, foreign direct investment refers just to building new facilities. FDI Inflows to Automobile Industry have been at an increasing rate as India has witnessed a major economic liberalization over the years in terms of various industries. The automobile sector in India is growing by 18 percent per year. The Automobile Sector in India- The automobile sector in the Indian industry is one of the high performing sectors of the Indian economy. This has contributed largely in making India a prime destination for many international players in the automobile industry who wish to set up their businesses in India. The automobile industry in India is growing by 18 percent per year. The automobile sector in India was opened up to foreign investments in the year 1991. 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is allowed in the automobile industry in India. The production level of the automobile sector has increased from 2 million in 1991 to 9. 7 million in 2006 after the participation of global players in the sector. FDI IN AUTOMOBILE †¢ The automobile industry in India is growing by 18 percent per year. The automobile sector in India was opened up to foreign investments in the year 1991. †¢ 100%Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is allowed in the automobile industry in India. †¢ The production level of the automobile sector has increased from 2 million in 1991 to 9. 7 million in 2006 after the participation of global players in the sector. †¢ Import of components is allowed without any restrictions and also encouraged. Advantages of FDI in the Automobile Sector in India The basic advantages provided by India in the automobile sector include, advanced technology, cost-effectiveness, and efficient manpower. Besides, India has a well-developed and competent Auto Ancillary Industry along with automobile testing and R&D centers. The automobile sector in India ranks third in manufacturing three wheelers and second in manufacturing of two wheelers. Opportunities of FDI in the Automobile Sector in India Opportunities of FDI in the Automobile Sector in India exist in * Establishing Engineering Centers * Two Wheeler Segment * Exports * Establishing Research and Development Centers * Heavy truck Segment * Passenger Car Segment. Important Aspects of FDI in Automobile Industry * FDI up to 100 percent, has been permitted under automatic route to this sector, which has led to a turn over of USD 12 billion in the Indian auto industry and USD 3 billion in the auto parts industry * The manufacturing of automobiles and components are permitted 100 percent FDI under automatic route * The automobile industry in India does not belong to the licensed agreement * Import of components is allowed without any restrictions and also encouraged. The FDI or Foreign Direct Investment in Indian Automobile Industry has opened up new avenues for the development of this important sector of Indian industries. The liberalization of government policies regarding FDI in the automobile industry of India has increased the scope of this industry. Initially, the automobile industry of India was ruled by national vehicle manufacturers like Premier Automobile and Hindustan Motors. The entrance of foreign automobile companies in the market was restricted by the imposition of high import tariffs and other policies and measures. The first FDI player in the Indian automobile industry was Suzuki. In 1980s this company entered into a joint venture with Maruti Udyog, a state run enterprise. The then Indian government permitted this company to enter the Indian automobile market in 1983. In 1991, the government of India liberalized its policies regarding the automobile industry of India Foreign Direct Investment in the automotive industry of India was permitted. In 1993, FDI was also allowed in the passenger car segment of Indian automobile industry. | The liberalization of governance policies with regard to FDI in Indian automobile industry has resulted in the rapid growth of this industrial sector post 1993. The major global players in the automobile industry have invested in the Indian vehicle manufacture as well as auto component part manufacture. The major foreign players who have a significant role in the development of Indian automobile industry include the following: Ford from USA. DaimlerChrysler AG from Germany General Motors from USA Suzuki from Japan BMW from Germany Honda from Japan Renault from France Hyundai from South Korea Toyota from Japan Foreign Direct Investment in the automobile industry of India has helped in the growth of this sector in terms of production, domestic sales and export. FDI is also permitted in the manufacture of auto components in India.